Basic electrical tools, equipment, and their uses pliers. The types of insulated power cables listed in the catalogue are designed solely for. Twinlead this type of cable is a flat twowire line. Electrical equipment includes any machine powered by electricity.
Types of electrical power distribution systems you should. Examples include a lightbulb, a resistor and a motor. A switch is used to make or break an electrical circuit. Casing and capping wiringbatten wiring cts or trslead sheathed wiringconduit wiringsurface conduit wiringconcealed conduit wiringtypes of conduitmetallic. From computers and copiers to shredders and smartphones, modern offices require a number of different kinds of equipment, furniture and supplies in order to function properly. Aug 27, 2019 the term electrical conduit refers to durable tubing or other types of enclosure used to protect and provide a route for individual electrical wiring conductors. Automated test equipment change tests by changing cables rapidly move between testing different assembly applications by simply page 825. Many different terms, such as bump, glitch, power surge. However portable appliance testing actually refers to the process that is more formally described by the iet as inservice inspection and testing of. Electrical installation handbook protection, control and. Certain types of boats will need electrical installations in order to run. Acces pdf electrical engineering test equipment equipment this episode goes over the many different types of electrical test equipment that we use out in the field. Based on the availability of different resources, substations are building at different locations, but these locations may not be closer to load centers.
There are ten recognized types of protection for hazardous area electrical apparatus. Electrical installations specifies extensively the rules to comply with to ensure safety and correct operational functioning of all types of electrical installations. Displays waveform of a signal, allows measurement of frequency, timing, peak excursion, offset. Common myths and misunderstandings about arcflash hazard assessments. Oneline diagrams do not show the exact electrical connections of the circuits. Cleat wiring methods of electrical wiring systems w. Nov 21, 2018 from computers and copiers to shredders and smartphones, modern offices require a number of different kinds of equipment, furniture and supplies in order to function properly. Some of the tools that i used in my career as an electrical field engineer. The viewpoints expressed in this paper are provided as a guide to industry, recognizing that the nec, nfpa, and osha set the standards but do not cover the myriad of questions associated with labeling the different types of electrical equipment in industry. Pdf management and maintenance of electrical equipment in. There are both digital and analog versions and both have advantages in different. More specifically, electrical equipment refers to the. Put another way, the part of a circuit that connects to a welldefined output terminal is considered an electrical load. Originally, the plan was to write about another topic.
It usually consists of an enclosure, a variety of electrical components, and often a power switch. People rely on electricity foe everything from traveling and lightbulbs. As the name suggests, oneline diagrams use a single line to represent all three phases. The transition period for the affected manufacturers and sectors ran until 1 july 2006. Basic electrical tools, equipment, and their uses pliers pliers are available in different types, shape, and sizes. Temperature range, environment, insulation requirements, response and service life should be considered. The old saying, use the right tool for the job, couldnt be more relevant, especially when it. The degree of protection for medical electrical equipment is defined by the type designation.
Most equipment will be connected via a standard a plug, but this is not always the case. This is a discussion of the basic principles behind grounding systems and how grounding is related to safety and the effective operation of circuit protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers. To connect the metallic conductive parts of an electric appliance or installations to the earth ground is called earthing or grounding. Measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit. When a fault occurs, the characteristic values such as impedance of the machines may change from existing values to different values till the fault is cleared. Types and revolution of electrical relays introduction. The reason for the existence of type designations is that different pieces of medical electrical equipment have different areas of application and therefore different electrical safety requirements. What are the different electrical tools and equipments. We think that every equipment will need a different mix of different types of maintenance, a particular mix of tasks, so that maintenance models will be as many as existing equipment. Type of electrical power distribution systems electrical. The distinctions between the types of electrical equipment are mainly used. Electrical earthing, grounding, methods of earthing, types of earthing, components of earthing and its specifications in respect to electrical earthing for electrical installations. Identify the different types of personal safety equipment.
What is electrical wiringdifferent types of electrical wiring systems. Types of earthing systems used in electrical installations custom search the international standard iec60364, part 4, and reference 10 uses a set of diagrams to explain the five basic methods of earthing and providing the neutral of an electrical installation where it is required. Electrical wiring methods, components and equipment for. There are two basic methods that can be used to earth the body of electrical equipment. Its easy to see how this has come about, after all pat stands for portable appliance testing. This forth wire may or may not be distributed in distribution system. Below is the list of measuring instruments used in electrical and electronic work. The different types of electrical earthing systems include the following.
Pat testing actually covers the inspection and testing of all electrical equipment and appliances that are connected, or could be connected, to the fixed electrical installation. Dvm and vtvm measures the level of af signals in volume units. Conduit is typically required where wiring is exposed or where it might be subject to damage. Voltage between phase to phase called line voltage and voltage between phase and neutral is called phase voltage. Electrical equipment pdf free download as pdf file. What are the symbols that represent the different types of fire extinguishers. Use of electrical test equipment test equipment is necessary for determining proper setup, adjustment, operation, and maintenance of electrical systems and control panels. An electrical substation is an installation with electrical equipment capable of interrupting or establishing electrical circuits and changing the voltage, frequency, or other characteristics of the electrical energy flowing in the circuits.
Sep 05, 2011 type of electrical power distribution systems. Differnet types of electrical transformer protection. A maintenance model is a mixture of the previous types of maintenance in certain proportions, and it responds appropriately to the needs of a particular equipment. Read and interpret blueprints, drawings, diagrams, and. Electrical apparatus for use in hazardous areas needs to be designed and constructed in such a way that it will not provide a source of ignition. Power transformers are the most important equipment in an electrical substation. Different types of electrical installation synhitek. The seven types of power problems schneider electric data center science center white paper 18 rev 1 5 8 the impulsive transient is what most people are referring to when they say they have experienced a surge or a spike. Switches can be simple onoff types or can have multiple positions that, for instance, can control the speed of a multispeed fan.
Note that thermocouple wire color codes can vary around the world. Wiring a process of connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy from suppliers meter board to home appliances such as lamps, fans and other domestic appliances is known as electrical wiring can be done using two methods which are. The conditions of measurement determine the type of thermocouple wire and insulation to be used. The iet categorise electrical equipment into specific types. Different types of electrical switches and light switch types. Additionally, electricians perform a multitude of electrical installations in diverse industries, including automotive, marine and residential. Doehdbk1016193 electrical diagrams and schematics electrical diagrams and schematics types of electrical diagrams or schematics there are three ways to show electrical circuits. Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as ppe, is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples of ppe include such items as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices earplugs. Electrical power is distribution either three wires or four wires 3 wire for phases and 1 wire for neutral. Types of electrical equipment pat testing courses, city. Schematic electrical wiring diagrams are different from other electrical wiring diagrams because they show the flow through the circuit rather than the physical layout of any equipment. The process of earthing or electrical grounding can be done in several ways like wiring in factories, housing, other machines, and electrical equipment. Switch operators can be found in various shapes and sizes, such as toggles or buttons, and can be furnished in a variety of colors.
They can have bathrooms, kitchen, living room, and bedroom. List of electrical and electronic measuring equipment wikipedia. Under normal power system operation, a protective relay remains idle and serves no active function. Jul 12, 2017 today we are going to discuss types of electrical transformer which are the most costly protection system of the electrical system. A conduit can be made of metal or plastic and may be rigid or flexible. Electrical wiring components and accessories ncert. Twisted pair consists of two interwound insulated wires. An electrician consults an electrical drawing or schematic to assure he installs the electrical wiring correctly.
Based on the availability of different resources, substations are building at different locations, but these locations. The following is a general procedure for use of test equipment. Each type of protection achieves its safety from ignition in different ways and not all are. Electrical equipment pdf transformer engines scribd. There is a common misunderstanding that it is only portable equipment that needs to be pat tested.
Types of faults in electrical power systems electronics hub. Electrical components unit 36 objectives after completing this unit, you will be able to. An electrical cable, or power cable, is used to transmit electrical power. Electrical earthing definition, types of electrical. Today we are going to discuss types of electrical transformer which are the most costly protection system of the electrical system. List of electrical and electronic measuring equipment. An insulated handle should be used when working on or near hot wires. A schematic is best described as an impression of the circuit and wiring than a genuine representation. An electrical load is the part of an electrical circuit in which current is transformed into something useful. At present, the demand for electrical power is growing rapidly, and this can be fulfilled by the power generating substations. Tt has always been preferable for special applications like telecommunication sites that benefit from the interferencefree earthing. A load converts electricity into heat, light or motion. Multimeters measures voltage, current, resistance, sometimes capacitance and frequency. For the production of our wires we mainly use cuetp 1 oxygenic copper and cuof 1 oxygenfree copper for special applications e.
In germany, the electrical and electronic equipment act came into effect on 16 march 2005, which, along with the rohs, also adopted eu directive weee disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment in german law. But when fault or undesirable condition arrives relay must be operated and function correctly. There are many different types of electrical switches. Electrical tools and equipment before you tackle any electrical project, having the proper tools is essential to getting the job done efficiently, correctly, and more importantly, safely. In addition to pure copper we also process a variety. Types of earthing systems used in electrical installations. Nema enclosure types the purpose of this document is to provide general information on the definitions of nema enclosure types to architects, engineers, installers, inspectors and other interested parties. More specifically, often electrical equipment refers only to components. The big advantage of the tt earthing system is the fact that it is clear of high and low frequency noises that come through the neutral wire from various electrical equipment connected to it. There are two different types of voltage in common use today. As all we know transformers are generally used to step up and step down the voltage level. Hopefully, they will be many of the same tools and equipment that students will be using to conduct various lab activities to learn electrical wiring procedures.
The two most commonly used are the wiring diagram and the schematic diagram. But after some thought and reflection, it occurred to me that there is very little information about electrical grounds and grounding. There are different types of power generating substations like thermal, atomic, and hydroelectric. It may show ratings and sizes of electrical equipment and circuit conductors as well as the protective devices. There are many types of electrical cables that differ in configuration, size and performance. For example, some equipment may be permanently fixed via a fuse spur, or use an industrial plug and socket arrangement. Office equipment falls into a few main categories, based on the equipments overall function in the office. Types of wiring systems and methods of electrical wiring. Bring to class several items of electrical equipment and tools that are discussed in the text of this lesson plan. They are wiring, schematic, and pictorial diagrams. Types of tests electrical equipment testing metrotest. Pliers are available in different types, shape, and sizes. The letter n is subdivided into other letters, s and c, thus giving ns and nc and ncs. Electrical cables provide connection and allow power stations, wired computer networks, televisions, telephones and other electricitypowered devices to work.
The old saying, use the right tool for the job, couldnt be more relevant, especially when it comes to electrical work. Types voltmeters for measuring differences of potential voltage between two points in an electrical circuit. Protective relays work in concert with sensing and control devices to accomplish their function. For more detailed and complete information, nema standards publication 2502003, enclosures for electrical equipment volts maximum. The seven types of power problems shi international corp. Principles of electrical grounding john pfeiffer, p. You know that boats can have anything inside like a small apartment. Visit the local fire department to observe the types of equipment used and the types of handheld fire extinguishers recommended for different locations in agricultural businesses.
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